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1.
J. Health Biol. Sci. (Online) ; 11(1): 1-7, Jan. 2023. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1524423

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: este estudo se propôs a caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico da esporotricose felina no município de São Paulo (SP) no período de 2011 a 2022. Métodos: estudo descritivo dos casos de esporotricose felina registrados entre 2011 e 2022. Foram utilizados dados secundários, provenientes dos bancos de dados da vigilância do município. Resultados: o perfil predominante dos animais é composto por machos, 71,4% (n=2.644), com idade inferior a 4 anos 70,1% (n=1.137) e com livre acesso à rua 51,0% (n=1.348). Foram registrados 811 óbitos, entre os quais foi informado o sexo para 381, sendo estes 77,4% (n=295) machos e 22,6% (n=86) fêmeas. Conclusão: diante dos achados deste estudo, compreende-se que a situação epidemiológica da doença requer ações conjuntas das vigilâncias epidemiológica e ambiental para serem desenvolvidas medidas de prevenção e controle embasadas em uma perspectiva de saúde única.


Objective: this study aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile of feline sporotrichosis in the city of São Paulo (SP) from 2011 to 2022. Methods: this is a descriptive study of feline sporotrichosis cases reported between 2011 and 2022. The data were obtained from a secondary database of the São Paulo Health Surveillance System. Results: the predominant profile of the animals is composed of males 71.4% (n=2,644), under the age of four years old 70.1% (n=1,137), and with free access to streets 51.0% (n=1,348). Furthermore, of the 811 deaths registered, 381 had the gender identified, 77.4% (n=295) were males, and 22.6% (n=86) were females. Conclusion: given the findings of this study, it is understood that the epidemiological situation of the disease requires joint actions by epidemiological and environmental surveillance in order to develop prevention and control measures based on one health perspective.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Sporotrichosis , Health Profile , Zoonoses
2.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 30(2): e2020520, 2021. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249805

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analisar aspectos relacionados com a positividade para esquistossomose em área de baixa prevalência, no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado no primeiro semestre de 2020, quando foram analisadas a proporção de positividade, em função do número de lâminas de Kato-Katz, o desempenho diagnóstico do teste e a estimação da positividade a partir dos dados do Sistema de Informação do Programa de Vigilância e Controle da Esquistossomose (SISPCE). Resultados: Foram analisadas 2.088 lâminas de 348 indivíduos, sendo a proporção de positividade de 11,8%, 26,7% e 31,0% para 1, 4 e 6 lâminas analisadas, respectivamente. Houve concordância excelente (índice Kappa = 0,91) na comparação entre as leituras de 4 e 6 lâminas. Foi estimada subnotificação de 2,1 vezes nos dados do SISPCE. Conclusão: Ampliar o número de lâminas aumentou a positividade do Kato-Katz, o que pode contribuir para maximizar o controle da doença enquanto problema de Saúde Pública.


Objetivo: Analizar aspectos relacionados con la positividad para esquistosomiasis en área de baja prevalencia en Brasil. Métodos: Estudio transversal, realizado en el primer semestre de 2020, donde se analizó la proporción de positividad según el número de portaobjetos de Kato-Katz, el rendimiento diagnóstico de la prueba y la creación de un factor de estimación de positividad a partir de los datos del Sistema de Información del Programa de Vigilancia y Control de la Esquistosomiasis (SISPCE). Resultados: Se analizaron 2.088 láminas de 348 individuos, con proporción de positividad del 11,8%, 26,7% y 31,0% para 1, 4 y 6 láminas analizadas, respectivamente. Hubo una excelente concordancia (Kappa = 0,91) en la comparación entre la lectura de 4 y 6 láminas. Se estimó un subregistro de 2,1 veces en los datos del SISPCE. Conclusión: Aumentar el número de muestras aumentó la positividad de Kato-Katz, lo que puede contribuir a maximizar el control de la enfermedad como problema de Salud Pública.


Objective: To analyze aspects related to schistosomiasis positivity in an area of low prevalence in Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, carried out in the first half of 2020, where we analyzed the proportion of positivity, according to the number of Kato-Katz slides, the diagnostic performance of the test and positivity estimates based on data from the Schistosomiasis Surveillance and Control Program Information System (SISPCE). Results: 2,088 slides from 348 individuals were analyzed, with proportion of positivity of 11.8%, 26.7% and 31.0% for 1, 4 and 6 slides analyzed, respectively. There was excellent agreement (Kappa = 0.91) between the readings of 4 and 6 slides. The SISPCE data was estimated to be underreported by up to 2.1 times. Conclusion: Increasing the number of slides increased Kato-Katz positivity, which can contribute to maximizing the control of the disease as a Public Health problem.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Child, Preschool , Schistosoma mansoni/isolation & purification , Schistosomiasis mansoni/diagnosis , Schistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Parasitic Sensitivity Tests/methods , Neglected Diseases , Epidemiological Monitoring
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 53: e20200335, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | SES-SP, ColecionaSUS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1136822

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis, caused by infection from Schistosoma mansoni, is a disease that represents an important public health problem for Brazil, especially for states in the Northeast region. Thus, the aim of this study is to present a new epidemiological profile for the disease in a municipality with low prevalence in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted through a coproparasitological and malacological survey. A structured questionnaire was applied to the study participants to survey possible risk factors and a spatial analysis (kernel density) was used to measure the risk of infection. RESULTS: Of the 347 participants, 106 (30.5%) were infected by Schistosoma mansoni, most of them from the urban area of the municipality (68.9%; 73/106). A 3-fold risk of infection was found for individuals living in the urban area and a risk of 2.15 times for self-declared farmers. Biomphalaria glabrata and B. straminea were the species found in the municipality, but no animals were diagnosed as infected by the parasite. Spatial analysis showed a random distribution of vectors and human cases of the disease, and the formation of two clusters of human cases in the urban area was seen. CONCLUSIONS: A new epidemiological profile for schistosomiasis from S. mansoni infection was presented in a municipality of low endemicity: a high proportion of positive individuals in the urban area; presence of snails without positive diagnosis for S. mansoni infection; random distribution of vectors and human cases; and absence of association between classical risk factors and human infection.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Schistosomiasis mansoni/diagnosis , Schistosomiasis mansoni/transmission , Schistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiology , Schistosoma mansoni , Biomphalaria , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Disease Vectors , Middle Aged
4.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 63(2): 141-148, Apr.-June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045557

ABSTRACT

Abstract Insects have several types of sensilla, the characterization of which has been fundamental to understanding the mechanisms of sensory perception in different species. This study aimed to describe the ultrastructure of the sensilla present on the antennae of Alabama argillacea (Hübner, 1823) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), an important pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crops, as well as their possible variation between sexes. To do this, the antennae of males and females of A. argillacea were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Sensilla morphometry was assessed using photomicrographs, from which the lengths and basal and apical diameters of sensilla were measured using the ImageJ program. Seven types of sensilla were identified on the antennae of A. argillacea: sensilla trichodea, sensilla chaetica, sensilla auricillica, sensilla coeloconica, sensilla styloconica, sensilla basiconica, and sensilla Böhm bristles. Differences between the sensilla of males and females were found in their lengths and basal diameters in the distal and proximal regions. This suggests that sensilla functionality may not only vary from one species to another, but also between sexes within the same species. Thus, further transmission electron microscopy and single sensillum recording studies may provide more detailed information on the sensilla of A. argillacea and their functions.

5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 50(1): 86-91, Jan.-Feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-842822

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by trematode flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, affects more than 200 million people worldwide, and its control is dependent on a single drug, praziquantel. Here, we report the in vitro effect of rotundifolone, a monoterpene isolated from Mentha x villosa (Lamiaceae), on Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. METHODS: The in vitro effect of rotundifolone on adult Schistosoma mansoni was evaluated by analysis of behavior and mortality and through a scanning electron microscopic analysis of ultrastructural changes in the tegument of the worms. RESULTS: At concentrations of 3.54 and 7.09μg/mL-1 rotundifolone, no worm mortality was observed at any of the sampling intervals. A minor reduction in movement of the tail, suckers, and gynecophoral canal membrane was observed after 96 h of exposure to 7.09μg/mL-1 rotundifolone. At 70.96μg/mL-1, a lack of movement was observed from 72h onwards and all worms were deemed dead; similar effects were observed at 48h with 177.4μg/mL-1, and at 24h with 354.8μg/mL-1 and 700.96μg/mL-1. Rotundifolone also caused death of all parasites and separation of coupled pairs into individual males and females after 24h at 354.8μg/mL-1. CONCLUSIONS: The main changes in the tegument induced by the different ROT treatments were: after 24h incubation, bubble lesions spread over the entire body and loss of tubercles occurred in some regions of the ventral region.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Schistosoma mansoni/drug effects , Mentha/chemistry , Monoterpenes/pharmacology , Schistosoma mansoni/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Parasitic Sensitivity Tests , Monoterpenes/isolation & purification
6.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 59: e8, 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-842798

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Schistosomiasis is an infectious parasitic disease caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma, which threatens at least 258 million people worldwide and its control is dependent on a single drug, praziquantel. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-Schistosoma mansoni activity in vitro of novel imidazolidine derivatives. Material and methods: We synthesized two novel imidazolidine derivatives: (LPSF/PTS10) (Z)-1-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)-4-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-5-thioxoimidazolidin-2-one and (LPSF/PTS23) (Z)-1-(2-chloro-6-fluoro-benzyl)-5-thioxo-4-(2,4,6-trimethoxy-benzylidene)-imidazolidin-2-one. The structures of two compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods. During the biological assays, parameters such as motility, oviposition, mortality and analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy were performed. Results: LPSF/PTS10 and LPSF/PTS23 were considered to be active in the separation of coupled pairs, mortality and to decrease the motor activity. In addition, LPSF/PTS23 induced ultrastructural alterations in worms, after 24 h of contact, causing extensive erosion over the entire body of the worms. Conclusion: The imidazolidine derivatives containing the trimetoxy and benzylidene halogens showed promising in vitro schistosomicidal activity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Mice , Imidazolidines/pharmacology , Peripheral Blood Stem Cells/drug effects , Schistosoma mansoni/drug effects , Schistosomicides/pharmacology , Imidazolidines/chemical synthesis , Imidazolidines/toxicity , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Parasitic Sensitivity Tests , Schistosoma mansoni/ultrastructure , Schistosomicides/chemical synthesis , Schistosomicides/toxicity , Time Factors
7.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-774569

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The essential oil Mentha x villosa (MVEO) has a wide range of actions, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal and schistosomicidal actions. The present study aimed to investigate the ultrastructural changes of MVEO on the tegument of adult Schistosoma mansoni. Materials and Methods: Different concentrations of MVEO were tested on S. mansoni adult worms in vitro. Ultrastructural changes on the tegument of these adult worms were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: The MVEO caused the death of all worms at 500 μg mL-1 after 24 h. After 24h of 500 μg mL-1 MVEO treatment, bubble lesions were observed over the entire body of worms and they presented loss of tubercles in some regions of the ventral portion. In the evaluation by TEM, S. mansoni adult worms treated with MVEO, 500 μg mL-1, presented changes in the tegument and vacuoles in the syncytial matrix region. Glycogen granules close to the muscle fibers were visible. Conclusion: The ability of MVEO to cause extensive ultrastructural damage to S. mansoni adult worms correlates with its schistosomicidal effects and confirms earlier findings with S. mansoni.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Mentha/chemistry , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Schistosoma mansoni/drug effects , Schistosoma mansoni/ultrastructure , Schistosomicides/pharmacology , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
8.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 47(2): 165-169, Mar-Apr/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-710351

ABSTRACT

Introduction The high prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections is related to the ability of K. pneumoniae to acquire and disseminate exogenous genes associated with mobile elements, such as R plasmids, transposons and integrons. This study investigated the presence of class 1 integrons in clinical and microbiota isolates of K. pneumoniae belonging to different phylogenetic groups and correlated these results with the antimicrobial resistance profiles of the studied isolates. Methods Of the 51 isolates of K. pneumoniae selected for this study, 29 were from multidrug-resistant clinical isolates, and 22 were from children's microbiota. The susceptibility profile was determined using the disk diffusion method, and class 1 integrons were detected through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results The results showed that none of the 22 microbiota isolates carried class 1 integrons. Among the 29 clinical isolates, 19 (65.5%) contained class 1 integrons, and resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim was identified in 18 of these isolates (94.7%). Among the K. pneumoniae isolates with class 1 integrons, 47% belonged to the KpI phylogenetic group, and one isolate (14.3%) carrying these genetic elements belonged to the KpIII group. Conclusions The wide variety of detected class 1 integrons supports the presence of high rates of antimicrobial resistance, genetic variability, and rapid dissemination of beta-lactamase genes among K. pneumoniae clinical isolates in recent years in hospitals in Recife-PE, Brazil. The findings of this study indicate that the surveillance of K. pneumoniae integrons in clinical isolates could be useful for monitoring the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in the hospital environment. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Integrons/genetics , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Microbiota/genetics , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction
9.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 33(1): 22-29, ene. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-666280

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever as características sociodemográficas e clínico-epidemiológicas dos casos de tuberculose notificados na população indígena do Município de São Gabriel de Cachoeira, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil, e identificar fatores associados ao óbito durante o tratamento; e estimar a prevalência de infecção latente por tuberculose (ILTB) e fatores associados e obter informações sobre o itinerário terapêutico e a percepção acerca do adoecimento dos indígenas do Distrito de Iauaretê. MÉTODOS: Primeiramente, realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo (1997 a 2007) com base nos dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Posteriormente, realizou-se um estudo transversal (2010) em sintomáticos respiratórios e contatos no Distrito Indígena de Iauaretê. RESULTADOS: Registraram-se 723 casos novos, com incidência de 273,4/100 000 e mortalidade de 13,2/100 000. Houve predomínio em homens (57%), idade > 45 anos (37,6%), pessoas sem escolaridade (42,7%) e na área rural (76,9%). Doentes de 0 a 20 anos apresentaram menor chance de óbito quando comparados à idade > 45 anos (OR = 0,3; IC95%: 0,1 a 0,9). Em Iauaretê, que concentrou 15,3% das notificações, foram entrevistados 184 indígenas. Revelou-se prevalência de ILTB de 76,1%. Prova tuberculínica > 5 mm associou-se com idade > 15 anos, história de tuberculose ativa e alterações radiológicas. Tuberculose anterior foi citada por 54 indígenas (29,3%). A principal explicação para o adoecimento foi sopro/envenenamento (24,1%). O itinerário terapêutico incluiu medicamentos industrializados (42,6%), plantas medicinais/raízes, pajelança/xamanismo e reza (42,7%). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de infecção tuberculosa e doença ativa nessa população foi elevada. As estratégias de controle tiveram resultados positivos, com redução na incidência em tempos recentes. Entretanto, para controlar a tuberculose é necessário intensificar a vigilância dos contatos e aperfeiçoar as estratégias de comunicação das equipes com a população indígena.


OBJECTIVE: To describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics of reported tuberculosis cases among indigenous individuals of São Gabriel de Cachoeira, State of Amazonas, Brazil, and to identify the factors associated with mortality during treatment; and to estimate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and associated factors and obtain information on the therapeutic course and the individual perceptions regarding acquistion of tuberculosis in the district of Iauaretê. METHODS: Firstly, a retrospective epidemiological study (1997 to 2007) was conducted using data from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (SINAN). Next, a cross-sectional study (2010) was conducted with respiratory symptomatic subjects and contacts of Iauaretê. RESULTS: Seven hundred and twenty-three new cases were reported, with incidence of 273.4/100 000 and mortality of 13.2/100 000. There was a predominance of males (57%), aged > 45 years (37.6%), people with no schooling (42.7%), and cases from rural areas (76.9%). Patients aged 0 to 20 years were at lower risk of death when compared to those aged > 45 years (OR = 0.3; IC95%: 0.1 a 0.9). In Iauaretê, with 15.3% of the reported cases, 184 people were interviewed. A prevalence of LTB of 76.1% was reported. Tuberculin skin test > 5 mm was associated with the > 15-year old age group, history of active tuberculosis, and radiological alterations. A previous history of tuberculosis was cited by 54 people (29.3%). The main explanation for the disease was "puffing/poisoning" (24.1%). The therapeutic course included industrialized drugs (42.6%), medicinal plants/roots, shamanism, and prayer (42.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of tuberculosis infection and disease in this population was high. Despite the reduced incidence resulting from recent efforts, tuberculosis control requires closer surveillance of contacts and improvement in communication strategies between health teams and indigenous populations.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Indians, South American , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies
10.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 44(3): 327-330, May-June 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-593345

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Garlic has a wide range of actions, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal and anthelmintic actions. This antiparasitic activity has been attributed to allicin, which is the main constituent of garlic. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro activity of allicin on the tegument of adult Schistosoma mansoni worms using scanning electron microscopy. METHODS: Swiss Webster mice were infected with S. mansoni cercariae (100 per mouse) and sacrificed 50 days later to acquire the adult worms. These worms were collected by perfusion and placed in RPMI medium 1,640 at 37°C before transferring to RPMI media containing 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20mg/mL of allicin, where they were incubated for 2h. The worms were fixed in 2.5 percent glutaraldehyde solution, washed twice, post-fixed in osmium tetroxide, washed twice and then dehydrated with ascending grades of ethanol. The samples were air-dried, mounted on stubs, gold coated in an ion sputtering unit and viewed using a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: A concentration of 5mg/mL caused wrinkling in the tegument; a concentration of 10mg/mL resulted in changes to tubercles and loss or modification of spines. With 15 and 20mg/mL increasing damage to the tegument could be seen, such as vesicle formation and the presence of ulcers. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate the effect of allicin on adult S. mansoni worms and indicate that most of the changes occur at concentrations greater than that normally indicated for treatment.


INTRODUÇÃO: O alho apresenta uma ampla gama de ações, incluindo antibacteriana, antiviral, antifúngico, antiprotozoário e anti-helmíntico. Esta atividade antiparasitária tem sido atribuída à alicina, que é o principal constituinte do alho. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a ação in vitro da alicina no tegumento de vermes adultos de Schistosoma mansoni utilizando a microscopia eletrônica de varredura. MÉTODOS: Camundongos Swiss Webster foram infectados com cercárias de S. mansoni (100 por camundongo) e sacrificados 50 dias depois para aquisição de vermes adultos. Estes vermes foram coletados por perfusão e colocados em meio RPMI 1.640 a 37°C antes de transferir para o meio RPMI contendo 0 (controle), 5, 10, 15 e 20mg/mL de alicina, onde eles foram incubados por 2h. Os vermes foram fixados em uma solução de glutaraldeído a 2,5 por cento, lavados duas vezes, pós-fixados em tetróxido de ósmio, lavados duas vezes e então desidratados em séries crescentes de etanol. As amostras foram secadas, montadas em stubs, metalizadas em ouro e visualizadas utilizando o microscópio eletrônico de varredura. RESULTADOS: A concentração de 5mg/mL causou o enrugamento do tegumento; a concentração de 10mg/mL resultou em alterações nos tubérculos e perda ou modificações nos espinhos. Com 15 e 20mg/mL crescentes danos no tegumento pode ser visto, tais como formação de vesículas e presença de úlceras. CONCLUSÕES: Esses resultados demonstram os efeitos da alicina nos vermes adultos de S. mansoni e indicam que a maioria das alterações ocorrem numa concentração maior do que a normalmente indicada para o tratamento.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Antiparasitic Agents/pharmacology , Schistosoma mansoni/drug effects , Sulfinic Acids/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Schistosoma mansoni/ultrastructure
11.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 43(6): 719-722, Nov.-Dec. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-569439

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Entre os Suruí de Rondônia foram registradas incidências médias de TB > 2.500/100.000 habitantes, entre 1991-2002. Aproximadamente 50 por cento desses casos foram notificados em < 15 anos. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo clínico-epidemiológico que teve como objetivo descrever as características clínico-radiológicas em crianças e adolescentes identificados como contatos de doentes de TB. Além disto, aplicar o sistema de pontuação para o diagnóstico de TB na infância e verificar se as condutas adotadas no nível local foram concordantes com as diretrizes nacionais. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 52 Rx de 37 indígenas. Deste conjunto, 48,1 por cento foram normais e 51,9 por cento anormais. Alguns dos Rx apresentaram duas ou mais alterações, totalizando 36 eventos independentes. Observou-se infiltrados (38,9 por cento), calcificações (38,9 por cento), cavitações (11,1 por cento) e atelectasias/derrame pleural (11,1 por cento). Nas imagens anormais, 22,2 por cento eram TB provavelmente ativa e 33,3 por cento sequelas. A confrontação com as diretrizes constatou 52,6 por cento de condutas discordantes. CONCLUSÕES: A presença da infecção tuberculosa latente (ITBL) e TB ativa, entre crianças e adolescentes, são indicadores de transmissão ativa e continuada do Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Os Rx mostrando alta frequência de infiltrados e calcificações é compatível com primo-infecção em idade precoce. Entretanto, essas alterações não são diferentes daquelas observadas entre outros grupos, não sugerindo comprometimento imunológico. As discordâncias apontadas indicam que o momento ideal para o tratamento da ITBL passou despercebido. Conclui-se que é fundamental a utilização do sistema de pontuação para o correto diagnóstico de TB na infância, assim como a realização de baciloscopia e cultura de escarro em adolescentes capazes de expectorar.


INTRODUCTION: The average incidence coefficient of tuberculosis in Suruí Indians from Rondônia was 2.500/100.000 inhabitants in 1991-2002. About 50 percent of these cases were reported in children < 15 years-old. METHODS: This study aimed to describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of children and adolescents identified as TB case contacts. A score system for the diagnosis of childhood TB was used and the procedures adopted by local health services were in accordance with national guidelines. RESULTS: 52 chest X-rays of 37 indigenous subjects were analyzed; of these, 51.9 percent were abnormal. Some X-rays showed more than two lesions, making a total of 36 independent events. Infiltrates (38.9 percent), calcifications (38.9 percent), cavitations (11.1 percent) and atelectasis/pleural effusion (11.1 percent) were observed. Among the abnormal images, 22.2 percent were probably indicated active TB and 33.3 percent showed sequelae. Confrontation with the guidelines revealed 52.6 percent of divergent procedures. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active TB between children and adolescents are indicators of active and progressive transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The X-rays showed high frequencies of infiltrates and calcifications, which are compatible with primary infection in early childhood. However, these lesions are not different from those observed among other groups and do not suggest immune deficiencies. The divergences presented show that the best moment for the treatment of LTBI went unnoticed by local personnel. In conclusion, the use of a score system is fundamental for the correct diagnosis of TB in childhood, as is conducting bacilloscopy and sputum culture in adolescents able to expectorate.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Indians, South American/statistics & numerical data , Latent Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Incidence , Latent Tuberculosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
12.
São Paulo; Conselho Regional de Medicina; 2007. 235 p.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-454715
13.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 39(2): 221-223, mar.-abr. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-426920

ABSTRACT

Foram analisados padrões radiológicos de 23/33 (69,7 por cento) dos indígenas Suruí tratados em 2003-2004. Observou-se 44,8 por cento de consolidacões não homogêneas, 10,3 por cento de cavitacões e 39,1 por cento de acometimentos múltiplos do parênquima. Apesar de 36 por cento dos doentes avaliados terem apresentado radiografias normais, o tratamento específico foi iniciado sem que tivessem sido esgotadas as possibilidades de investigacão diagnóstica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Indians, South American , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , Brazil , Tuberculin Test
14.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 47(6): 933-943, nov. 2004. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-393239

ABSTRACT

Este estudo examinou a morfologia e anatomia foliar de 89 espécies arbóreas de uma área de Floresta Atlântica Litorânea no Sul do Brasil. A maioria das espécies (>75%) possuem folhas pequenas (notófilas e micrófilas) elípticas e simples com margens inteiras. Essas folhas apresentam uma estrutura anatômica formada por epiderme uniseriada, parênquima paliçádico composto por um único estrato de células e o parênquima esponjoso composto por 5 to 8 estratos celulares. O tecido esclerenquimático é limitado aos feixes vasculares. A maioria das espécies arbóreas (91%) possui folhas com características mesomórficas Poucas espécies (9%) são xerófilas como era esperado em florestas que crescem sob solo arenoso oligotrófico. As características mesomórficas parecem estar associadas a eficientes mecanismos de ciclagem de nutrientes que compensam o baixo conteúdo de nutrientes do solo mineral.

16.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2000. 102 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-273048

ABSTRACT

A silicose, penumoconiose das mais prevalentes, permanece levando seus desafortunados possuidores à intermináveis peregrinaçoes aos serviços assistenciais, à previdência e à justiça, para terem assegurados os benefícios previdenciários a que fazem juz. Analisa o perfil clínico, radiológico e funcional de trabalhadores da indústria naval do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Discute os indicadores usuais de avaliaçao em ambulatório especializado, compara os resultados dos exames espirográficos dos trabalhadores com radiogramas normais dos possuidores de radiogramas com imagens compatíveis com silicose e relaciona o perfil encontrado com os parâmetros estabelecidos para o INSS visando a avaliaçao de incapacidade. Foram avaliados 327 trabalhadores, sendo 76 portadores de silicose e 251 com padrao radiológico normal. Encontrou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as médias das CVF (p=0,0002), VEF1 (p=o,00002) e VEF1/CVF (p=0,02) dos trabalhadores portadores de silicose e as dos normais. Os portadores de silicose apresentaram mais padroes espirográficos obstrutivos (25 por cento) que os normais (15 por cento), com p=0,02. Conclui-se que os trabalhadores estudados eram ricos em sintomas e pobres em alteraçoes radiológicas e disfunçoes respiratórias. Conclui-se também que os parâmetros espirográficos avaliados, em valores absolutos, assim como nos valores médios, em percentuais do previsto do Volume Expiratório Forçado no primeiro segundo e da relaçao VEF1/CVF, foram menores nos trabalhadores portadores de silicose que nos de raios-X normal. Conclui-se ainda que a resolutividade, mesmo em um serviço especializado é pequena, sendo mister exames de maior sofisticaçao que nao sao disponíveis com facilidade. Aponta-se a possilidade de um exame simplificado, como o teste da caminhada de seis minutos, suprir essa necessidade e, estudos nesse sentido poderao, talvez, permitir a avaliaçao da disfunçao com maior presteza e acurácia.


Subject(s)
Occupational Health Program , Silicosis/diagnosis , Workers' Compensation , Social Security , Toxicology
17.
Pesqui. méd. (Porto Alegre) ; 32(1): 63-7, 1998.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-225006

ABSTRACT

Tratamento cirúrgico das hérnias inguinais, no momento, é alvo de controvérsias no que se refere à utilização das técnicas convencionais em relação as atuais herniorrafias videolaparoscópicas...


Subject(s)
Humans , Hernia, Inguinal/surgery , Digestive System Surgical Procedures , Laparoscopy
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